Clinical application of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling in the treatment of unruptured wide-neck intracranial aneurysms / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the safety and efficacy of Neuroform Atlas stent used in treatment of unruptured wide-neck intracranial aneurysms.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 62 patients with unruptured wide-neck intracranial aneurysms undergoing Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling from August 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 64 aneurysms in those 62 patients. Among them, 25 aneurysms were located at the bifurcation of M1 segment on middle cerebral artery, 16 at the anterior communicating artery, 10 at the C7 segment of internal carotid artery, 5 at the C6 segment of internal carotid artery, 4 at the apex of basilar artery, 3 at the A3 segment of anterior cerebral artery, and 1 at the M2 segment of middle cerebral artery. All the patients underwent Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling, including 49 patients with single stent assisted coiling and 15 patients with dual stents assisted coiling (14"Y"style and 1"X"style). After the procedure, the immediate DSA was performed to evaluate the status of aneurysm occlusion and the parent artery patency. The clinical follow-up was performed 3 months after the operation and evaluated based on the modified Rankin Scale(mRS).DSA image was reviewed at 6 months after operation and Raymond grading scale was used to assess the status of aneurysm occlusion and the parent artery patency.@*RESULTS@#A total of 62 patients with 64 aneurysms were all achieved technical success(100%).The immediate post-procedural Raymond scale was assessed, including Raymond Ⅰ in 57 aneurysms(89.1%, 57/64), Raymond Ⅱ in 6 aneurysms(9.3%, 6/64) and Raymond Ⅲ in 1 aneurysm(1.6%, 1/64). The peri-procedural complications rate was 4.8%(3/62), 2 patients developed intraoperative thrombosis and 1 patient suffered from local subarachnoid hemorrhage. Among them, 55 patients obtained 3 months clinical follow-up after operation and all the patients had good outcomes (mRS≤2), 50 patients with 52 aneurysms were followed up with DSA 6 months after operation, including Raymond Ⅰ in 45 aneurysms(86.5%, 45/52), Raymond Ⅱ in 4 aneurysms(7.7%, 4/52) and Raymond Ⅲ in 3 aneurysms(5.8%, 3/52).@*CONCLUSION@#Neuroform Atlas stent for the treatment of unruptured wide-neck intracranial aneurysms has high safety and good efficacy, and has its advantages over other traditional stents.

Preoperative Endovascular Embolization of Glomus Jugulare Tumors: A Retrospective Case Series of 22 Embolizations in 20 Patients and Literature Review

Objective Glomus jugulare tumors, or tympanojugular paragangliomas, are rare, highly vascularized skull base tumors originated from paraganglion cells of the neural crest. With nonabsorbable embolic agents, embolization combined with surgery has become the norm. The authors assess the profile and outcomes of patients submitted to preoperative embolization in a Brazilian tertiary care hospital. Methods The present study is a single-center, retrospective analysis; between January 2008 and December 2019, 22 embolizations were performed in 20 patients in a preoperative character, and their medical records were analyzed for the present case series. Results Hearing loss was the most common symptom, present in 50% of the patients, while 40% had tinnitus, 30% had dysphagia, 25% had facial paralysis, 20% had hoarseness, and 10% had diplopia. In 7 out of 22 embolization procedures (31%) more than a single embolic agent was used; Gelfoam (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) was used in 18 procedures (81%), in 12 of which as the single agent, followed by Embosphere (Merit Medical, South Jordan, UT, USA) (31%), Onyx (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) (9%), and polyvynil alcohol (PVA) and Bead Block (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) in 4,5% each. The most common vessel involved was the ascending pharyngeal artery, involved in 90% of the patients, followed by the posterior auricular artery in 15%, the internal maxillary artery or the occipital artery in 10% each, and the superficial temporal or the lingual arteries, with 6% each. Only one patient had involvement of the internal carotid artery. No complications from embolization were recorded. Conclusions Preoperative embolization of glomus tumors is safe and reduces surgical time and complications, due to the decrease in size and bleeding.

Embolización de la arteria renal: serie de casos y revisión de la literatura / Renal artery embolization: case series and literature review

Resumen Introducción: La embolización de arteria renal (EAR) es un procedimiento percutáneo que ocluye la arteria renal, con la consecuente isquemia del territorio vascular. Sus indicaciones más comunes son la hematuria y el manejo paliativo en cáncer renal metastásico. A pesar del desarrollo técnico y de la experiencia progresiva, los estudios incluyen un número reducido de pacientes y en nuestro país se revisan casos aislados. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en el Servicio de Salud Valparaíso San Antonio y revisar la literatura existente. Materiales y Método: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo de los pacientes sometidos a EAR por anemia severa secundaria a hematuria, durante los años 2012 a 2020. Posteriormente, realizamos una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, hasta abril de 2020. Resultados: Incluimos 9 pacientes, 6 (66,7%) hombres y 3 (33,3%) mujeres. La mediana de edad fue de 69 años (RIC = 18). La principal causa de la hematuria fue cáncer renal avanzado (7 pacientes). No hubo complicaciones, y se logró éxito clínico en todos los pacientes. Nuestra búsqueda de literatura arrojó 571 referencias y 24 cumplieron con nuestros criterios de elegibilidad. La edad de los pacientes y las causas subyacentes de hematuria fueron variadas. La menor tasa de éxito clínico fue de 65%, sin embargo, 15 estudios (62,5%) reportaron un éxito igual o mayor al 90%. Seis estudios reportaron más de un 10% de pacientes con alguna complicación. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados y la evidencia revisada muestran que la EAR parece ser segura y eficaz en el manejo de anemia severa secundaria a hematuria.

Introduction: Renal artery embolization (RAE) is a percutaneous procedure that occludes the renal artery, with consequent ischemia of the vascular territory. The most common indications include hematuria and palliation for metastatic renal cancer. Despite technical development and progressive experience, studies include a small number of patients and few cases have been published in our country. Aim: To share our experience at Valparaíso-San Antonio Health Service and to review the existing literature. Materials and Method: We performed a retrospective descriptive review of medical records of patients with severe anemia due to hematuria managed with RAE, between 2012 and 2020. Subsequently, we conducted a literature search in PubMed, from inception until April 2020. Results: We included 9 patients. There were 6 (66.7%) males and 3 (33.3%) females with a median age of 69 years (IQR = 18). Main cause of hematuria was advanced kidney cancer (7 patients). There were no complications and clinical success was achieved in all patients. Our literature search yielded 571 references, 24 met our eligibility criteria. The age of patients and the underlying causes of hematuria were varied. The lowest clinical success rate was 65%, however, 15 studies (62.5%) reported a success equal to or greater than 90%. Six studies reported more than 10% of patients with complications. Conclusión: Our results and the studies reviewed show that RAE appears to be safe and effective in the management of patients with severe anemia due to hematuria.

Microsurgery versus embolization: different risk factors for short- and long- term outcomes of patients with ruptured aneurysms

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors for poor outcomes after surgical and endovascular treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods: Patients with ≥ 18-years of age and aSAH were included, while patients who died within 12 h of admission or lost follow-up were excluded. All participants underwent standardized clinical and radiological assessment on admission and were reassessed at discharge and at 6-months follow-up using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Results: Death at discharge was associated with female gender, anterior communication artery (ACoA) aneurysm location and presence of atherosclerotic plaque in the surgical group, and with age in the endovascular group. Both groups had clinical condition on follow-up associated with mFisher score on admission and hypertension. GOS on follow-up was also associated with presence of atherosclerotic plaque and multiple aneurysms in surgical group, and with age in endovascular group. Conclusions: Subjects treated surgically are prone to unfavorable outcomes if atherosclerotic plaques and multiple aneurysms are present. In patients with endovascular treatment, age was the main predictor of clinical outcome.

Research on injection flow velocity planning method for embolic agent injection system / 生物医学工程学杂志

Interventional embolization therapy is widely used for procedures such as targeted tumour therapy, anti-organ hyperactivity and haemostasis. During embolic agent injection, doctors need to work under X-ray irradiation environment. Moreover, embolic agent injection is largely dependent on doctors' experience and feelings, and over-injection of embolic agent can lead to reflux, causing ectopic embolism and serious complications. As an effective way to reduce radiation exposure and improve the success rate of interventional embolization therapy, embolic agent injection robot is highly anticipated, but how to decide the injection flow velocity of embolic agent is a problem that remains to be solved. On the basis of fluid dynamics simulation and experiment, we established an arterial pressure-injection flow velocity boundary curve model that can avoid reflux, which provides a design basis for the control of embolic agent injection system. An in vitro experimental platform for injection system was built and validation experiments were conducted. The results showed that the embolic agent injection flow speed curve designed under the guidance of the critical flow speed curve model of reflux could effectively avoid the embolic agent reflux and shorten the embolic agent injection time. Exceeding the flow speed limit of the model would lead to the risk of embolization of normal blood vessels. This paper confirms the validity of designing the embolic agent injection flow speed based on the critical flow speed curve model of reflux, which can achieve rapid injection of embolic agent while avoiding reflux, and provide a basis for the design of the embolic agent injection robot.

Clinical outcomes following microsurgery and endovascular embolization in the management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: A meta-analysis study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect of microsurgery and endovascular embolization in the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) by meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#A systematic review was performed to retrieve all relevant literature about surgical treatment or endovascular embolization of SDAVF up to December 2019 through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Results, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and SinoMed. The Chinese and English key words included: "SDAVF", "spinal dural arteriovenous fistula", "spinal AVM", "spinal vascular malformation and treatment". The included studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The early failure rate, long-term recurrence, neurological recovery, and complications were evaluated and the clinical effects of the two methods in the treatment of SDAVF were compared by using RevMan 5.3 software. And a further subgroup analysis of the therapeutic effect of endovascular embolization with different embolic agents was conducted.@*RESULTS@#A total of 46 studies involving 1 958 cases of SDAVF were included, in which 935 cases were treated by microsurgery and 1 023 cases were treated by endovascular embolization. The funnel plot demonstrated that there was no publication bias. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence of early surgical failure was lower than that of endovascular embolization (OR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.13-0.30, P < 0.05), and the long-term recurrence was also lower than that of endovascular embolization (OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.22-0.58, P < 0.05). The improvement of neurological function in the surgical patients is significantly higher than that in the patients treated with endovascular embolization (OR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.36-5.99, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications in these two groups (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 0.88-2.64, P=0.14). In the cases of endovascular embolization, the risk of treatment failure or recurrence was higher with Onyx glue than with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), and the difference was statistically significant (OR=4.70, 95%CI: 1.55-14.28, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Although the treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas by intravascular embolization has been widely used, the clinical effect of microsurgery is still better than that of endovascular embolization. Large scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to validate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment in SDAVF patients.

Anatomy of the Middle Meningeal Artery

Introduction The middle meningeal artery (MMA) is an important artery in neurosurgery. As the largest branch of the maxillary artery, it provides nutrition to the meninges and to the frontal and parietal regions. Diseases, including dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), pseudoaneurysm, true aneurysm, traumatic arteriovenous fistula (TAVF), Moya-Moya disease (MMD), recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), migraine, and meningioma,may be related to the MMA. The aim of the present study is to describe the anatomy of the MMA and to correlate it with brain diseases. Methods A literature review was performed using the PubMed, Scielo, Scientific Direct, Ebsco, LILACS, TripDataBase and Cochrane databases, with the following descriptors: neurosurgery, neuroanatomy, meninges and blood supply. Discussion The MMA is embedded in a cranial groove, and traumatic or iatrogenic factors can result in MMA-associated pseudoaneurysms or arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). In hemodynamic stress, true aneurysms can develop. Arteriovenous fistulas, pseudoaneurysms, and true aneurysms can be effectively treated by endovascular or surgical removal. In MMD, the MMA plays a role in the development and in the improvement of collateral circulation. Finally, in cases of CSDH, when standard surgery and drainage fail, MMA embolization can constitute a great alternative. Conclusion The MMA is a relevant structure for the understanding of neurosurgical diseases. In conclusion, every neurosurgeon must know the anatomy of the MMA sufficiently to correlate it with the diagnosed pathology, thus obtaining treatment effectiveness and preventing brain lesion.

Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations in Pediatric Patients Submitted to Endovascular Treatment: Report of 3 Cases

Objective To report three cases of vein of Galen aneurysmalmalformation (VGAM) in pediatric patients treated at the hemodynamics lab of Hospital Santa Isabel (HSI) in Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2006 to 2020. Clinical presentation, endovascular treatment, and postprocedure evolution to date are included. Case description Three children aged 5 to 12 months with cardiac, respiratory, or neurological damage in the neonatal stage, were referred to the neurosurgery service and diagnosed with VGAM. The three patients underwent endovascular embolization of themalformation, with different clinical evolution throughout outpatient follow-up. Conclusion Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations are uncommon vascular abnormalities that, until the advent of endovascular embolization, were associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Its prognosis is linked with initial clinic, early diagnosis, and timely surgical correction.

Jugular Foramen's Paraganglioma in a Patient with Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Case Report

Glomus jugular tumors, also known as paragangliomas (PGLs), are rare and related to several clinical syndromes described. These are located in the carotid body, the jugular glomus, the tympanic glomus and the vagal glomus. The symptoms are directly related to the site of involvement and infiltration. These lesions have slow growth, are generally benign and hypervascularized, have a peak incidence between the age of 30 to 50 years old; however, when associated with hereditary syndromes, they tend to occur a decade earlier. Several familial hereditary syndromes are associated with PGLs, including Von Hippel- Lindau disease (VHL) in< 10% of the cases. The diagnosis and staging of PGLs are based on imaging and functional exams (bone window computed tomography [CT] with a "ground moth" pattern and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a "salt and pepper" pattern). The cerebral angiography is a prerequisite in patients with extremely vascularized lesions, whose preoperative embolization is necessary. The histopathological finding of cell clusters called "Zellballen" is a characteristic of PGLs. Regarding the jugular foramen, the combination of two or three surgical approaches may be necessary: (1) lateral group, approaches through themastoid; (2) posterior group, through the retrosigmoid access and its variants; and (3) anterior group, centered on the tympanic and petrous bone. In the present paper, we report a case of PGL of the jugular foramen operated on a young female patientwho underwent a surgery with a diagnosis ofVonHippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) at the Neurosurgery Service of the Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil in 2018, by the lateral and posterior combined route.

Improvement of semen parameters after coil embolization of varicoceles: a systematic review / Melhora dos parâmetros seminais após embolização com molas de varicocele: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, including clinical studies in which one of the outcomes was semen parameter improvement after varicocele embolization using coils only. The objective of the review was to assess the evidence on the role of embolization using coils alone for semen parameter improvement in men with varicocele, since embolization using coils is the most cost-effective method of varicocele repair. Study quality was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). Out of six retrospective and two prospective observational or comparative clinical studies involving 701 patients, semen concentration improved significantly in all five studies that assessed this parameter. Mean semen motility improved significantly in seven studies. The impact of embolization on semen density could not be analyzed.

Resumo Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática conduzida de acordo com o PRISMA 2009 (Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Metanálises) que incluiu estudos em que a melhora dos parâmetros seminais tenha sido um dos desfechos. Esta revisão foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar as evidências sobre o papel da embolização com uso apenas de molas na melhora de parâmetros seminais em homens com varicocele, uma vez que a embolização apenas com molas é o método com melhor custo-benefício para o reparo de varicoceles. A qualidade dos estudos foi analisada com o índice MINORS. Em seis estudos clínicos retrospectivos e em outros dois prospectivos observacionais ou comparativos, a concentração seminal melhorou significativamente em todos os cinco estudos que avaliaram esse parâmetro. A motilidade seminal melhorou significativamente em sete estudos. Não foi possível analisar o impacto da embolização com molas na densidade seminal.

Uso do doppler colorido das carótidas no diagnóstico de um paciente com fístula carotideocavernosa direta / Use of color doppler of carotids in the diagnosis of a patient with direct carotid-cavernous fistula

Adulto jovem de 18 anos que evoluiu após traumatismo craniencefálico leve com fístula carotídea direta. Apresentou zumbido e exoftalmia, ambos de característica pulsátil e à esquerda. Foi submetido a estudo com Doppler das carótidas, que mostrou elevadas velocidades do fluxo sanguíneo e índices de resistência reduzidos nas artérias carótidas comum e interna esquerdas, compatíveis com fístula carotídea direta. A angiotomografia computadorizada cerebral confirmou a fístula carotídea. Foi encaminhado para tratamento endovascular por embolização, com sucesso. O Doppler de carótidas pode ter papel importante no diagnóstico das fístulas carotídeas diretas e acompanhamento de pacientes submetidos à terapêutica endovascular.(AU)

Embolization of renal tumor bone metastasis: case report / Embolização de metástase óssea de tumor renal: relato de caso

Abstract Primary or secondary bone tumors can manifest in different ways, from simple bone pain to possible pathological fractures. Hypervascularized tumors are of greatest concern, with increased incidence of complications. Preoperative embolization of the bone tumor is an effective measure for reducing blood loss during open surgery to excise the tumor. With appropriate experience, the risks of the procedure are minimal and final outcomes are highly satisfactory. The purpose of this paper is to describe the case of a 43-year-old male patient with a metastatic renal cell tumor in the left proximal femur (seen on lower limb computed tomography) who underwent selective preoperative embolization. The procedure resulted in a remarkable absence of bleeding and successful response to subsequent onco-orthopedic surgery.

Resumo Os tumores ósseos, primários ou secundários, podem se manifestar de várias formas, desde dor óssea até fraturas patológicas. A preocupação maior repousa sobre tumores hipervascularizados, com maior incidência de complicações. A embolização pré-operatória do tumor ósseo é uma medida eficaz para reduzir a perda sanguínea durante a exérese tumoral em cirurgia aberta. Com uma experiência apropriada, os riscos do procedimento são mínimos, com resultados finais bastante satisfatórios. O presente artigo tem por finalidade descrever o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 43 anos, com tumor metastático de células renais em fêmur proximal esquerdo (visualizado por angiotomografia de membro inferior), submetido à embolização arterial seletiva pré-operatória. O procedimento resultou em ausência de sangramento e ótima resposta à cirurgia onco-ortopédica realizada.

Profile of renal artery embolization (RAE) for renal trauma: A comparison of data from two major trauma center

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate usage of renal artery embolization (RAE) for renal injuries and discuss the indications for this treatment. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed evaluating the electronic medical records of all patients with renal trauma admitted to two major comprehensive hospitals in Shantou city from January 2006 to December 2015. Results There were 264 and 304 renal traumatic patients admitted to hospital A and B, respectively. LGRT was the reason for presentation in the majority of patients (522, 91.9%). A total of 534 (94.0%) patients were treated conservatively. RAE was performed in 9 patients from 2012 to 2015 at hospital A, including in 6 patients (6/9, 66.7%) with LGRT, and 3 patients (3/9, 33.3%) with HGRT. No patient underwent interventional therapy (RAE) at hospital B during the same period. No significant differences in the operative rate of hospital A were observed between the two time periods (2006-2011 and 2012-2015). The operative rate for LGRT between the two hospitals from 2006 to 2011 and 2012 to 2015 was not significantly different. Hospital A showed a significant decrease in the rate of conservative treatment for patients with LGRT. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, the AAST renal grade both were significantly associated with undergoing RAE. Conclusions LGRT was present in the majority of patients, and most cases of renal trauma could be treated with conservative treatment. RAE was well utilized for the treatment of renal trauma. However, some patients with LGRT were treated with unnecessary interventional therapy.

Transesplenic access in the treatment of varicose gastrointestinal bleeding. Case and technical report / Uso do acesso transesplênico no tratamento do sangramento gastrointestinal varicoso. Relato de caso e técnica

ABSTRACT Varicose gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. Endoscopic treatment is the first therapeutic line for these patients, however, for those whom this therapeutic modality fail, a broad knowledge of alternative treatment options may improve the prognosis. We describe a case of a patient who were successfully embolized from gastroesophageal varices via transsplenic access.

RESUMO O sangramento gastrointestinal varicoso está entre as maiores causas de morbimortalidade nos paciente com doença hepática crônica. O tratamento endoscópico é a primeira linha terapêutica neste pacientes, porém naqueles que apresentam falha nesta modalidade terapêutica, o amplo conhecimento de opções alternativas de tratamento pode melhorar o prognóstico. Descrevemos um caso de paciente submetido à embolização com sucesso de varizes gastresofágicas por acesso transesplênico.

Improvement in parameters of quality of life and uterine volume reduction after uterine fibroid embolization / Melhora em parâmetros de qualidade de vida e redução do volume uterino após embolização de artérias uterinas

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate improvement in quality of life, reduction of uterine volume, and the correlation between these two variables after uterine fibroid embolization. Methods Data on quality of life before and after uterine fibroid embolization were collected from 60 patients using the Uterine Fibroid Symptom - Quality of Life questionnaire. In 40 of these patients, uterine volume information on magnetic resonance imaging examinations performed before and after uterine fibroid embolization was collected, and compared using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test for paired data. Correlation between quality of life and uterine volume before and after procedure was measured using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results There was significant improvement in quality of life after uterine fibroid embolization on Uterine Fibroid Symptom - Quality of Life questionnaire, in both subscales scores and the total score. There was a significant median reduction of -37.4% after uterine fibroid embolization, but no correlations between uterine volume and quality of life scores were found before or after embolization. Conclusion Uterine embolization is an alternative to treat uterine fibroids, resulting in relief of symptoms and better quality of life. Although reduction in uterine volume plays an important role in the evaluation of therapeutic success, it does not necessarily have a definitive correlation with relief of symptoms.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a melhora na qualidade de vida e a redução do volume uterino, além da correlação entre essas duas variáveis, após a embolização de artérias uterinas. Métodos Foram coletados dados de 60 pacientes sobre qualidade de vida antes e depois da embolização de artérias uterinas com a aplicação do questionário Uterine Fibroid Symptom - Quality of Life. Informações sobre o volume uterino em exames de ressonância magnética realizada antes e depois do procedimento foram coletadas em 40 dessas pacientes e comparadas por meio de teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon para dados pareados. A correlação entre qualidade de vida e volume uterino antes e depois do procedimento foi determinada pelo coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados Houve melhora significativa na qualidade de vida das pacientes após embolização de artérias uterinas nos escores do questionário Uterine Fibroid Symptom - Quality of Life, tanto das subescalas como do total. Houve redução mediana significativa (-37,4%) no volume uterino após embolização de artérias uterinas, embora não tenha sido estabelecida qualquer correlação entre volume uterino e escores de qualidade de vida antes e depois da embolização. Conclusão A embolização de artérias uterinas é alternativa para o tratamento de fibroide uterina, resultando na melhora dos sintomas e da qualidade de vida. Embora a redução do volume uterino seja fator importante na avaliação do sucesso terapêutico, não está necessariamente correlacionada com melhora de sintomas.

Protocolo de embolizacion arterial como parte del control de la hemorragia por fractura pélvica: serie de casos en un centro de referencia de trauma / Arterial embolization protocol as control of pelvic fracture hemorrhage: case series in a trauma reference center

Introducción Las fracturas pélvicas se asocian a sangrado arterial y/o venoso, ocasionando mortalidad elevada. El objetivo del estudio es diseñar, implementar y evaluar un protocolo para el tratamiento de fracturas pélvicas Materiales y métodos estudio prospectivo observacional, de pacientes con fractura pélvica que ingresaron a la clínica Medical. Variables: edad, sexo, arteria comprometida, lesión unilateral o bilateral, tipo de fractura pélvica (clasificación de Tile), indicación de la arteriografía, acceso uni o bilateral, éxito angiográfico, complicaciones del procedimiento, lesiones asociadas, mortalidad a 30 días, mecanismo de trauma, días de estancia en cuidado intensivo. Resultados 56 pacientes con fractura pélvica, 17 pacientes se llevaron a arteriografía pélvica por sospecha de sangrado, 14 pacientes tenían sangrado arterial, promedio de 36 años, las arterias más comúnmente lesionadas fueron la arteria hipogástrica, arteria sacra lateral y la arteria obturatriz. la mayoría de sangrados se asociaron a fracturas tipo C, las lesiones asociadas se encontraron en un 34% de casos, la indicación de la arteriografía fue inestabilidad hemodinámica al momento del ingreso, el control del sangrado se logró en el 86% de casos, la punción fue única en el 100% de casos, se requirió empaquetamiento pélvico 12% de casos. Discusión El trauma pélvico asociado a accidentes de motocicleta es común, el manejo multidisciplinario y la oportuna intervención del cirujano vascular es decisiva para el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano de las lesiones vasculares pélvicas; la realización de un protocolo de manejo con un algoritmo de embolización mostró ser efectivo y seguro para el control del sangrado pélvico. Nivel de Evidencia: III

Background Pelvic fractures are frequently associated with arterial and / or venous bleeding, leading to high mortality (10 and 50%). Aim of study is to show our experience, based on an institutional protocol developed for the management of the patient with major pelvic trauma. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study for a 3 years period of time. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, artery involved, unilateral or bilateral lesion, type of pelvic fracture (Tile classification), indication of arteriography, unilateral or bilateral access, angiographic success, complications of the procedure, associated injuries, mortality at 30 days, trauma mechanism, days of stay in ICU and floor. Results We found 56 patients with pelvic fracture, 17 patients were taken to pelvic arteriography due to suspected bleeding, 14 patients had arterial bleeding, with an average age of 36 years, the arteries most commonly injured were the hypogastric artery, lateral sacral artery and the obturator artery, 50% of cases the bleeding was bilateral, the majority of bleeds were associated with type C fractures, associated lesions were found in 34% of cases, the indication of arteriography was hemodynamic instability at the time of admission, control of bleeding was achieved in 86% of cases (n: 15), the puncture was unique in 100% of cases (n: N: 14), pelvic packing was required in 2 patients (12%) Discussion Pelvic embolization for pelvic fracture is a safe and feasible procedure. A multidisciplinary approach and a high suspicion of pelvic arterial injury must be always in mind. Mortality in our trial was very low comparative with previous reports. Evidence Level: III

Embolización de un aneurisma micótico de la arteria mesentérica superior: reporte de un caso / Mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery coil embolization: case report

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico infrecuente, con una resolución novedosa. Caso Clínico: Paciente con aneurisma micótico de la arteria mesentérica superior manejado satisfactoriamente en forma endovascular. Los aneurismas micóticos viscerales son entidades infrecuentes, con alta morbimortalidad. Es por ello que su manejo debe ser multidisciplinario y considerar diferentes factores al momento de tomar decisiones. En el contexto de la continua mejoría y disponibilidad de las técnicas endovasculares, estas han emergido como una opción terapéutica válida, con posiblemente menos complicaciones. Conclusión: La resolución endovascular del aneurisma micótico visceral es factible, pero su indicación y el manejo completo es aún caso a caso.

Objective: to discuss an infrequent vascular case with a novel resolution. Case Report: Superior mesenteric artery mycotic aneurysm successfully managed with coil embolization. A visceral mycotic aneurysm is an infrequent vascular pathology with high risk of complications and mortality. The endovascular management might offer a treatment option with lower morbimortality rates in selected cases. Conclusion: Endovascular resolution of mycotic visceral aneurysms is both feasible and secure but it must be done in a case to case basis.

A Rare Cause of Angina After Coronary Bypass Grafting; Left İnternal Mammary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistula and Successful Treatment with Transcatheter Coil Embolization / Uma Causa Rara de Angina Após Revascularização do Miocárdio: Fístula da Artéria Mamária Interna Esquerda para Artéria Pulmonar e Tratamento Bem-Sucedido com Embolização Transcateter com Molas

Abstract Fistula from left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to pulmonary artery (PA) is rarely encountered in daily practice. In recent years, endovascular therapy options have emerged for the treatment of fistula formations and replaced with surgery. A 53-year-old man admitted to our outpatient clinic with symptoms of typical angina and shortness of breath despite optimal medical therapy. In his relevant history, he had a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation in 2009 in which his LIMA was anastomosed to left anterior descending (LAD) and ramus artery sequentially. Coronary angiography including selective imaging of LIMA demonstrated a fistula formation originating from the proximal portion of the LIMA and draining to PA. After successful closure of fistula with transcatheter coil embolization, the patient was discharged without any complication and symptom. In conclusion, although LIMA to PA fistula is an infrequent clinical condition, it should be considered as a potential cause of persistent angina after CABG operation. Treatment options include conservative medical therapy, surgical ligation and endovascular interventions. The best therapy should be individualised for each patient in respect to patient's symptoms, surgical compatibility and anatomy of fistula.

Resumo A fístula da artéria mamária interna esquerda (AMIE) para a artéria pulmonar (AP) é raramente encontrada na prática diária. Nos últimos anos, opções de terapia endovascular surgiram para o tratamento de formações de fístula e foram substituídas por cirurgia. Um homem de 53 anos de idade, internado em nosso ambulatório com sintomas de angina típica e falta de ar, apesar da terapia clínica ideal. Em seu histórico relevante, ele teve uma cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) em 2009, na qual sua AMIE foi anastomosada à descendente anterior esquerda (DAE) e à artéria ramus sequencialmente. A angiografia coronária, incluindo imagens seletivas da AMIE, demonstrou uma formação de fístula proveniente da porção proximal da AMIE e drenando para AP. Após o fechamento bem-sucedido da fístula com embolização transcateter com mola, o paciente recebeu alta sem qualquer complicação e sintoma. Em conclusão, embora fístula entre AMIE e AP seja uma condição clínica pouco frequente, deve ser considerada como uma causa potencial de angina persistente após a operação de revascularização do miocárdio. As opções de tratamento incluem terapia médica conservadora, ligadura cirúrgica e intervenções endovasculares. A melhor terapia deve ser individualizada para cada paciente em relação aos sintomas do paciente, compatibilidade cirúrgica e anatomia da fístula.

Malformación aneurismática de la vena de Galeno / Aneurysms malformation of vein of Galen

Introducción: La malformación aneurismática de la vena de Galeno es una infrecuente variedad de fístula arteriovenosa cerebral de origen embriológico. Se localiza en la línea media de la fisura coroidal y tiene morfología de amplio espectro. Objetivo: Exponer información actualizada acerca del tema. Método: La información se obtuvo de la búsqueda automatizada realizada fundamentalmente en bases de datos MEDLINE, Current Contents y Scielo. Resultados: La malformación aneurismática de la vena Galeno se manifiesta con síntomas y signos derivados de la insuficiencia cardiaca severa refractaria al tratamiento médico y del daño neurológico que provoca. La entidad implica morbilidad grave y mortalidad en el periodo neonatal. La angiorresonancia es la técnica de referencia, pero la ecografía doppler es buen método de valoración. El tratamiento de elección es la embolización endovascular. Consideraciones finales: Debe existir índice elevado de sospecha para no fracasar en el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad. Es importante definir la anatomía de la lesión, por las implicaciones clínicas, terapéuticas y pronósticas que ello acarrea. El tratamiento exitoso sigue siendo un reto terapéutico complejo(AU)

Introduction: Vein of Galen aneurysm is a rare and congenital cerebral arteriovenous abnormality with reported incidence of 1:25 000 live births. It represents the 30 percent of the vascular congenital cerebral malformations that harm the pediatric population. Objective: To show updated information about the topic. Method: The information was obtained from the automated search mostly done in MEDLINE, CurrentContents and Scielo databases. Development: Vein of Galen malformation presents with symptoms and signs derived from the severe refractary heart failure to medical treatment and the neurologic damage it causes. That entity implies severe morbidity and mortality on the neonatal period. Angioresonance is the reference technique, but the Doppler ecography is a good valuation method. The election treatment is the endovascular embolization. Final considerations: There must be an elevated rate of suspect to do not fail on the early diagnostic of the disease. It is important to define the lesion's anatomy, because of the clinic, therapeutic and prognostic implications this represent. The successful treatment is still a complex therapeutic challenge(AU)